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Neurosci Lett. 2010 May 24. [Epub ahead of print]
Dietary supplementation of creatine monohydrate reduces the human fMRI BOLD signal.
Hammett ST, Wall MB, Edwards TC, Smith AT.
Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
Abstract
Creatine monohydrate is an organic acid that plays a key role in ATP re-synthesis. Creatine levels in the human brain vary considerably and dietary supplementation has been found to enhance cognitive performance in healthy individuals. To explore the possibility that the fMRI Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) response is influenced by creatine levels, BOLD responses to visual stimuli were measured in visual cortex before and after a week of creatine administration in healthy human volunteers. The magnitude of the BOLD response decreased by 16% following creatine supplementation of a similar dose to that previously shown to increase cerebral levels of phosphocreatine. We also confirmed that cognitive performance (memory span) is increased. These changes were not found in a placebo group. Possible mechanisms of BOLD change are considered. The results offer potential for insight into the coupling between neural activity and the BOLD response and the more immediate possibility of accounting for an important source of variability during fMRI analysis in clinical studies and other investigations where between-subjects variance is an issue. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
[consistent with improved bioenergetic capacity]
'old news' + 'new news' = 'creatine magnesium chelate'
a potential wondercompound.
Metabolism. 2003 Sep;52(9):1136-40.
Magnesium-creatine supplementation effects on body water.
Brilla LR, Giroux MS, Taylor A, Knutzen KM.
Exercise and Sport Sciences Laboratory, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9067, USA.
Abstract
This study evaluated magnesium-creatine (MgCre) supplementation on body water and quadriceps torque. Maltodextran (Placebo), Mg oxide plus Cre (MgO-Cre), and Mg-creatine chelate (MgC-Cre) at 800 mg Mg and 5 g Cre per day were used for 2 weeks in 35 subjects in a random assignment, blinded study. Pre-post measures were completed with bioimpedance to determine total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECF), and intracellular water (ICF), and an isokinetic device at 180 degrees per second for knee extension peak torque (T), total work (W), and power (PWR). Body weights increased for both treatment groups, MgO-Cre Delta 0.75 kg (P
Dietary supplementation of creatine monohydrate reduces the human fMRI BOLD signal.
Hammett ST, Wall MB, Edwards TC, Smith AT.
Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
Abstract
Creatine monohydrate is an organic acid that plays a key role in ATP re-synthesis. Creatine levels in the human brain vary considerably and dietary supplementation has been found to enhance cognitive performance in healthy individuals. To explore the possibility that the fMRI Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) response is influenced by creatine levels, BOLD responses to visual stimuli were measured in visual cortex before and after a week of creatine administration in healthy human volunteers. The magnitude of the BOLD response decreased by 16% following creatine supplementation of a similar dose to that previously shown to increase cerebral levels of phosphocreatine. We also confirmed that cognitive performance (memory span) is increased. These changes were not found in a placebo group. Possible mechanisms of BOLD change are considered. The results offer potential for insight into the coupling between neural activity and the BOLD response and the more immediate possibility of accounting for an important source of variability during fMRI analysis in clinical studies and other investigations where between-subjects variance is an issue. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
[consistent with improved bioenergetic capacity]
'old news' + 'new news' = 'creatine magnesium chelate'
a potential wondercompound.
Metabolism. 2003 Sep;52(9):1136-40.
Magnesium-creatine supplementation effects on body water.
Brilla LR, Giroux MS, Taylor A, Knutzen KM.
Exercise and Sport Sciences Laboratory, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9067, USA.
Abstract
This study evaluated magnesium-creatine (MgCre) supplementation on body water and quadriceps torque. Maltodextran (Placebo), Mg oxide plus Cre (MgO-Cre), and Mg-creatine chelate (MgC-Cre) at 800 mg Mg and 5 g Cre per day were used for 2 weeks in 35 subjects in a random assignment, blinded study. Pre-post measures were completed with bioimpedance to determine total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECF), and intracellular water (ICF), and an isokinetic device at 180 degrees per second for knee extension peak torque (T), total work (W), and power (PWR). Body weights increased for both treatment groups, MgO-Cre Delta 0.75 kg (P
medicalstudent | 2 years ago
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? | 2 years ago
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Shilajit: a review.
Agarwal SP, Khanna R, Karmarkar R, Anwer MK, Khar RK.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
Abstract
Shilajit is a pale-brown to blackish-brown exudation, of variable consistency, exuding from layers of rocks in many mountain ranges of the world, especially the Himalayas and Hindukush ranges of the Indian subcontinent. It has been found to consist of a complex mixture of organic humic substances and plant and microbial metabolites occurring in the rock rhizospheres of its natural habitat. Shilajit has been used as a rejuvenator and an adaptogen for thousands of years, in one form or another, as part of traditional systems of medicine in a number of countries. Many therapeutic properties have been ascribed to it, a number of which have been verified by modern scientific evaluation. Shilajit has been attributed with many miraculous healing properties. Copyright 2007 John Wiley 139(10):1926-32. Epub 2009 Aug 26.
Prolonged intake of coenzyme Q10 impairs cognitive functions in mice.
Sumien N, Heinrich KR, Shetty RA, Sohal RS, Forster MJ.
Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
Abstract
Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is widely consumed as a dietary supplement to enhance bioenergetic capacity and to ameliorate the debilitative effects of the aging process or certain pathological conditions. Our main purpose in this study was to determine whether CoQ(10) intake does indeed attenuate the age-associated losses in motor, sensory, and cognitive functions or decrease the rate of mortality in mice. Mice were fed a control nonpurified diet or that diet containing 0.68 mg/g (low dosage) or 2.6 mg/g (high dosage) CoQ(10), starting at 4 mo of age, and were tested for sensory, motor, and cognitive function at 7, 15, and 25 mo of age. Amounts of the ubiquinols CoQ(9)H(2) and CoQ(10)H(2) measured in a parallel study were augmented in the cerebral cortex but not in any other region of the brain. Intake of the low-CoQ(10) diet did not affect age-associated decrements in muscle strength, balance, coordinated running, or learning/memory, whereas intake at the higher amount increased spontaneous activity, worsened the age-related losses in acuity to auditory and shock stimuli, and impaired the spatial learning/memory of old mice. The CoQ(10) diets did not affect survivorship of mice through 25 mo of age. Our results suggest that prolonged intake of CoQ(10) in low amounts has no discernable impact on cognitive and motor functions whereas intake at higher amounts exacerbates cognitive and sensory impairments encountered in old mice. These findings do not support the notion that CoQ(10) is a fitness-enhancing or an "antiaging" substance under normal physiological conditions.
Agarwal SP, Khanna R, Karmarkar R, Anwer MK, Khar RK.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
Abstract
Shilajit is a pale-brown to blackish-brown exudation, of variable consistency, exuding from layers of rocks in many mountain ranges of the world, especially the Himalayas and Hindukush ranges of the Indian subcontinent. It has been found to consist of a complex mixture of organic humic substances and plant and microbial metabolites occurring in the rock rhizospheres of its natural habitat. Shilajit has been used as a rejuvenator and an adaptogen for thousands of years, in one form or another, as part of traditional systems of medicine in a number of countries. Many therapeutic properties have been ascribed to it, a number of which have been verified by modern scientific evaluation. Shilajit has been attributed with many miraculous healing properties. Copyright 2007 John Wiley 139(10):1926-32. Epub 2009 Aug 26.
Prolonged intake of coenzyme Q10 impairs cognitive functions in mice.
Sumien N, Heinrich KR, Shetty RA, Sohal RS, Forster MJ.
Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
Abstract
Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is widely consumed as a dietary supplement to enhance bioenergetic capacity and to ameliorate the debilitative effects of the aging process or certain pathological conditions. Our main purpose in this study was to determine whether CoQ(10) intake does indeed attenuate the age-associated losses in motor, sensory, and cognitive functions or decrease the rate of mortality in mice. Mice were fed a control nonpurified diet or that diet containing 0.68 mg/g (low dosage) or 2.6 mg/g (high dosage) CoQ(10), starting at 4 mo of age, and were tested for sensory, motor, and cognitive function at 7, 15, and 25 mo of age. Amounts of the ubiquinols CoQ(9)H(2) and CoQ(10)H(2) measured in a parallel study were augmented in the cerebral cortex but not in any other region of the brain. Intake of the low-CoQ(10) diet did not affect age-associated decrements in muscle strength, balance, coordinated running, or learning/memory, whereas intake at the higher amount increased spontaneous activity, worsened the age-related losses in acuity to auditory and shock stimuli, and impaired the spatial learning/memory of old mice. The CoQ(10) diets did not affect survivorship of mice through 25 mo of age. Our results suggest that prolonged intake of CoQ(10) in low amounts has no discernable impact on cognitive and motor functions whereas intake at higher amounts exacerbates cognitive and sensory impairments encountered in old mice. These findings do not support the notion that CoQ(10) is a fitness-enhancing or an "antiaging" substance under normal physiological conditions.
medicalstudent | 2 years ago
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Is the same true of idebenone ?
"A team of researchers published compelling results in 2009 showing how shilajit plus CoQ10 preserve and protect energy function in mice.15 The researchers engaged mice in strenuous and stressful physical activity for two hours each day for seven days. Starting on day four they supplemented the animals orally with CoQ10 alone, shilajit alone, or the two in combination. They measured levels of CoQ10, ATP, and other compounds vital in mitochondrial energy production. They then compared the results with those of the stressed animals given a placebo only, and with animals at rest. The outcomes were nothing short of astounding:
* Compared to a placebo, CoQ10 + shilajit significantly increased energy production (ATP) by 144% in muscle, and the combination was 27% better than CoQ10 alone!
* Compared to a placebo, CoQ10 + shilajit significantly increased energy production (ATP) by 56% in the brain, and the combination was 40% better than CoQ10 alone!
* Compared to control animals at rest, CoQ10 levels in the intense exercise-stressed animals plummeted by 75% — yet the combination of CoQ10 + shilajit restored CoQ10 levels to within 15% of the normal rested animals’ levels!
* The CoQ10 + shilajit combination produced similar synergistic effects on a variety of other measures of cellular energy status, especially in muscle and brain tissue.
" 15. Pharmacology online. 2009;1:817-25. " (http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2009/ss2009_Coenzyme-Q10-Technology_01.htm)
"A team of researchers published compelling results in 2009 showing how shilajit plus CoQ10 preserve and protect energy function in mice.15 The researchers engaged mice in strenuous and stressful physical activity for two hours each day for seven days. Starting on day four they supplemented the animals orally with CoQ10 alone, shilajit alone, or the two in combination. They measured levels of CoQ10, ATP, and other compounds vital in mitochondrial energy production. They then compared the results with those of the stressed animals given a placebo only, and with animals at rest. The outcomes were nothing short of astounding:
* Compared to a placebo, CoQ10 + shilajit significantly increased energy production (ATP) by 144% in muscle, and the combination was 27% better than CoQ10 alone!
* Compared to a placebo, CoQ10 + shilajit significantly increased energy production (ATP) by 56% in the brain, and the combination was 40% better than CoQ10 alone!
* Compared to control animals at rest, CoQ10 levels in the intense exercise-stressed animals plummeted by 75% — yet the combination of CoQ10 + shilajit restored CoQ10 levels to within 15% of the normal rested animals’ levels!
* The CoQ10 + shilajit combination produced similar synergistic effects on a variety of other measures of cellular energy status, especially in muscle and brain tissue.
" 15. Pharmacology online. 2009;1:817-25. " (http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2009/ss2009_Coenzyme-Q10-Technology_01.htm)
? | 2 years ago
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if you're honing focus to brain mito-atp production, look to the pea in the center of your brain.
J Pineal Res. 2009 Sep;47(2):192-200. Epub 2009 Jul 1.
Long-term melatonin administration protects brain mitochondria from aging.
Carretero M, Escames G, López LC, Venegas C, Dayoub JC, García L, Acuña-Castroviejo D.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada and RETICEF, Granada, Spain.
Abstract
We tested whether chronic melatonin administration in the drinking water would reduce the brain mitochondrial impairment that accompanies aging. Brain mitochondria from male and female senescent prone (SAMP8) mice at 5 and 10 months of age were studied. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was determined by measuring the levels of lipid peroxidation and nitrite, glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio, and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. Electron transport chain activity and oxidative phosphorylation capability of mitochondria were also determined by measuring the activity of the respiratory chain complexes and the ATP content. The results support a significant age-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction with a diminished efficiency of the electron transport chain and reduced ATP production, accompanied by an increased oxidative/nitrosative stress. Melatonin administration between 1 and 10 months of age completely prevented the mitochondrial impairment, maintaining or even increasing ATP production. There were no major age-dependent differences between males in females, although female mice seemed to be somewhat more sensitive to melatonin treatment than males. Thus, melatonin administration as a single therapy maintained fully functioning brain mitochondria during aging, a finding with important consequences in the pathophysiology of brain aging.
J Pineal Res. 2009 Sep;47(2):192-200. Epub 2009 Jul 1.
Long-term melatonin administration protects brain mitochondria from aging.
Carretero M, Escames G, López LC, Venegas C, Dayoub JC, García L, Acuña-Castroviejo D.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada and RETICEF, Granada, Spain.
Abstract
We tested whether chronic melatonin administration in the drinking water would reduce the brain mitochondrial impairment that accompanies aging. Brain mitochondria from male and female senescent prone (SAMP8) mice at 5 and 10 months of age were studied. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was determined by measuring the levels of lipid peroxidation and nitrite, glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio, and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. Electron transport chain activity and oxidative phosphorylation capability of mitochondria were also determined by measuring the activity of the respiratory chain complexes and the ATP content. The results support a significant age-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction with a diminished efficiency of the electron transport chain and reduced ATP production, accompanied by an increased oxidative/nitrosative stress. Melatonin administration between 1 and 10 months of age completely prevented the mitochondrial impairment, maintaining or even increasing ATP production. There were no major age-dependent differences between males in females, although female mice seemed to be somewhat more sensitive to melatonin treatment than males. Thus, melatonin administration as a single therapy maintained fully functioning brain mitochondria during aging, a finding with important consequences in the pathophysiology of brain aging.
medicalstudent | 2 years ago
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But wait there's more!
http://news.albionminerals.com/human-nutrition/research-notes-articles/553-mg-creatine-chelate-research-threads
http://news.albionminerals.com/human-nutrition/research-notes-articles/553-mg-creatine-chelate-research-threads
? | 2 years ago
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? | 2 years ago
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